The Human Heart Is About The Size Of A ....?

• Journal List
• J Cardiovasc Thorac Res
• v.8(3); 2016
• PMC5075360

J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2016; eight(3): 119–125.

Report of the normal heart size in Northwest part of Iranian population: a cadaveric written report

Shabnam Mohammadi

¹Microanatomy Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

²Department of Beefcake and Prison cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic republic of iran

Arya Hedjazi

³Legal Medicine Inquiry Eye, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran

Maryam Sajjadian

³Legal Medicine Inquiry Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Islamic republic of iran

Naser Ghoroubi

³Legal Medicine Research Heart, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Islamic republic of iran

Maryam Mohammadi

⁴Department of Public Wellness, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Saeed Erfani

³Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Arrangement, Tehran, Iran

Received 2016 Apr 4; Accepted 2016 Jul 17.

Abstract

Introduction: The heart is in a muscular organ in the middle mediastinum. According to our knowledge, in that location is no standard data almost the anthropologic parameters of normal Iranian hearts. Hence, the aim of the present report was to investigate the normal heart size in Iranian cadavers.

Methods: In a cross-exclusive study, 550 cadavers (104 female/446 male) from June 2014 to July 2015 in the Razavi Khorasan province of Iran were included in the report. After approval of the Ethical Committee, cadavers were divided into 10 groups based on age groups. Length, width, weight, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and heart valves were measured using vernier caliper. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: The mean values of the demographic information were as follows: historic period= 42.12 ± 21.34 years; weight = threescore.38 ± 15.32 kg; height = 158.xiv ± 23.77 cm; and BMI = 24.66 ± 17.sixty kg/1000². The mean values of the centre length, width, chordae tendineae, pupillary muscles, weight, and index of the heart were eleven.41 ± 2.15 cm, eight.21 ± 4.38 cm, 19.41 ± 6.lxx, 5.74 ± i.96, 247.78 ± 62.27 grams, and 5.74 ± 1.96, respectively. In improver, the circumference of the tricuspid valve, circumference of the mitral valves, and tricuspid and mitral areas were 8.80 ± i.11 cm, 9.43 ± one.44 cm, four.xi ± 0.71 cm², and four.50 ± 0.90 cm², respectively.

Conclusion: Hateful values of the heart'due south length and width was like to previous reports from western population. The circumference of the tricuspid valve was less than the textbook'south data, while circumference of the mitral valves was more than it. The report findings provide valuable information almost standard data of the centre in the Iranian population, which is useful for surgeons too equally anthropologists. Notwithstanding, multi-centre studies with a larger sample size are required to complete data most anatomical characteristics of normal hearts.

Keywords: Human Centre, Cadaver, Gross Anatomy, Morphometry

Introduction

Several factors such every bit race, age, gender, physical activeness, nutrition, and health status affect the size of organs such every bit the middle.¹ There are vast differences in body organs among races, too as ethnic and nationality groups.^ane In some races, middle weights increased with age but decreased with historic period in other races.^ii-10 In almost races, the dimension of the heart was larger in men than women.^2-4,9,11-13 Practise and physical activity crusade a reduction in fatty tissue of the heart, but increases the musculus size of the eye.^ane Malnutrition, specially in growth periods causes a reduction in the growth of organs.ⁱ Affliction is also another factor that may change the size and beefcake of organs.¹

Many heart diseases such equally regurgitation, stenosis, and prolapse cause impairment to heart valves.¹⁴

Severe damage such equally endocarditis, dysplastic valve pathology, and rheumatic valve diseases necessitate the replacement of valves and for the manufacture of valves, it is important to know the exact anatomy of the heart.¹⁴

Papillary muscles and tendinous cords are brusk and thick in congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve.^fifteen Hence, knowing the anatomic variation of papillary muscles is important in papillotomy and commissurotomy in surgical resection of the valves, as well as in cases of rheumatic and traumatic damages.¹⁵

Co-ordinate to Grayness'due south Anatomy, the heart length, width, and thickness are 12 cm, 8.5 cm, and 6 cm, respectively.¹⁶ In addition, the mean weight of the center is 280-340 g in males and 230-280 g in females.¹⁶ The mean circumference of the mitral valve is ix cm in males and 7.ii cm in females, whereas for the tricuspid valve it is 10.8 cm in females and 11.four cm in males.¹⁶ The mean heart weight has reported to range from 248 to 345 g in men and 164 to 299 m in women in Asian populations.^2,4,9,10 This population also has 0 to10, papillary muscles.^15,17,18 The mitral area is 8.8 cm in Japanese and vii-10 cm in Indians.^14,xix-22 The annular circumference of the tricuspid leaflet is 85.95 to 107.5 mm in India.²³

No information exists about the standard dimensions of the normal heart in Iranian populations. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the standard size of the normal heart among Iranian cadavers.

Materials and Methods

We performed a cantankerous-exclusive study on 550 cadavers (104 female, 446 male), referred to the autopsy hall of the Forensic Medicine Organization, Razavi Khorasan province, from June 2014 to July 2015.

Inclusion criteria were every bit follows: Fresh Iranian cadavers with no history of poisoning, alcohol, smoking, drug abuse, or hypertension; and no evidence of trauma or aberration of the heart. The cause of decease was sharp and blunt trauma including automobile accident. Cadavers who had died from unknown causes or who had cardiac diseases were excluded from the study.

Demographic data, including gender, age, and body weight and height, were recorded (Tabular array 1). The index was calculated every bit center weight divided by body weight. Body mass index (BMI) was likewise calculated as weight (kg)/height (g²). Cadavers' race was Persian. In that location is living place of cadavers in Table 2.

Tabular array i

Demographic data of Iranian cadavers (Northward=550) in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran

Age groups	Historic period (years)	Gender (female/male)	Height (cm)	Weight (kg)
<ten	2.90±2.55	11/24	89.65±34.74	13.51±16.31
10-19	16.21±2.53	12/30	159.54±14.28	58.85±14.42
20-29	24.68±2.82	18/72	163.08±11.76	63.94±7.44
30-39	34.21±2.75	13/77	162.42±17.98	65.32±six.seventy
40-49	44.38±ii.57	18/89	162.48±13.12	62.96±viii.65
l-59	54.10±two.74	11/46	162.fourteen±16.32	63.07±9.39
60-69	63.88±2.29	eight/55	165.46±4.58	66.38±6.48
70-79	74.70±2.48	9/31	163.15±14.73	62.55±six.41
80-89	84.00±two.99	2/16	163.94±v.43	64.xvi±6.46
90-99	90.62±1.06	2/6	164.12±two.35	57.87±7.93

Tabular array 2

The living place of Iranian cadavers in Islamic republic of iran (North=550)

City	N0. of cadavers	City	No. of cadavers	Urban center	No. of cadavers
Mashhad	442	Khaf	3	Shirvan	i
Neyshabur	11	Dargaz	3	Gonabad	ane
Torbat-eastward Jam	10	Zahedan	3	Isfahan	ane
Chenaran	10	Ahvaz	2	Shahrood	1
Sabzevar	viii	Ilam	2	Borujerd	ane
Fariman	seven	Tabas	ii	Hamedan	1
Bojnourd	6	Qaen	2	Kashmar	1
Tehran	6	Zaveh	ii	Zabol	ane
Ghochan	6	Minoodasht	ii	Birjand	1
Torbat-e Heydarieh	five	Gonbad	ane	Bajestan	1
Taybad	3	Gorgan	ane	Bardaskan	1

V hundred fifty cadavers were divided into 10 unlike age groups: Grouping A (0-9 years), Group B (ten-19 years), Grouping C (twenty-29 years), Group D (30-39 years), Group E (xl-49 years), Group F (50- 59 years), Grouping Thousand (threescore-69 years), Group H (70-79 years), Group I (80-89 years), and Group J (90-99 years).

The thorax was opened by a midline incision, and the centre was done with tap water. The length of the eye was measured from the base of operations to the apex using a vernier caliper. Caliper calibration performed previously based on ISO guidelines. The greatest distance between the inductive and posterior surfaces of the heart was considered to be its thickness. The heart'south weight was also measured with the help of an electronic weighing auto (Pand Azma 3100, Iran). The number of pupillary muscles and chordae tendina were recorded. The Circumference and area of tricuspid and mitral valves were measured using Prototype J software. Measurements for all cadavers were performed by an expert anatomist. Photographs were taken using a Catechism digital camera.

Statistical analysis

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviations and were analyzed using SPSS twenty.0 software. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The normality of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov exam. The correlation between anthropometric values and morphometric data of the heart was investigated using the Pearson correlation. Comparisons between groups were carried out based on independent sample t tests (for two groups) and assay of variance (for more than than 2 groups).

Results

Demographic characteristics of cadavers are summarized in Table 1. Five hundred fifty Iranian cadavers (104 females/446 males) with a hateful age of 42.12 ± 21.34 years were enrolled to the study (Table 2). The values obtained for tiptop ranged between 48 and 182 cm, with an average of 158.fourteen cm. The weight of the cadavers ranged from 2.5 to 86 g, with an boilerplate of sixty.38 g. The mean body mass index was 24.66 ± 17.lx kg/k².

The mean length of the heart was eleven.41 cm (range, three to 14 cm). The average width of the middle measured 8.21 cm. The minimum weight of the heart was 21 yard, and its maximum weight was 593 g. The chordae tendineae ranged between 4 and 35, with a mean of 19.41 ± 6.70. The mean number of pupillary muscles was 5.74 ± i.96 (range, 1 to 10). The index of the heart varied from 0.5 to 75, with a mean value of 5.09.

The annular circumference of the tricuspid valve and mitral valve was 8.80 ± one.eleven and nine.43 ± ane.44 cm, respectively. In addition, the mean value of the tricuspid area was 4.11 ± 0.71 cm², while this value was 4.l ± 0.ninety cm² for the mitral area (Figure ane).

(A) The four valves of the heart; (B) Transvers section of the ventricles; (C) Mitral Valve opened to measure the area of inductive and posterior leaflets; (D) Arrows show papillary muscles.

As shown in Table 3, the longest hearts were observed in groups D and F, while the shortest was in group A. The smallest width of the heart was seen in cadavers 0-ix years old, while the greatest width of the heart was found in cadavers 70-79 years old. The weight of the centre was heaviest in the 9th decade, while it was lightest in the first of life. The index of the heart was the largest in group A, and to the lowest degree in group Yard.

Table 3

Length, width, chordae tendineae, pupillary muscle, weight, and index of the heart of Iranian cadavers in different age groups

Age groups	Length (cm)	Width (cm)	No. of Chordae tendineae	No. of Pupillary muscle	Weight (m)	Index
<10	7.25±3.25	5.64±2.62	14.37±half-dozen.01	4.62±two.31	142.48±100.62	18.24±16.66
ten-19	eleven.79±1.93*	8.22±1.59	xx.69±vi.91***	5.92±1.86	253.38±70.64*	iv.64±1.96
20-29	11.60±one.89*	8.04±1.63	18.62±half dozen.10**	five.73±1.83	249.sixty±48.61*	3.95±0.92
thirty-39	11.89±i.60*	eight.98±7.17#	nineteen.52±6.33##	five.88±ane.81**	261.18±61.23*	iv.03±0.99
40-49	11.73±i.44*	eight.12±1.32	19.21±6.82#	v.53±2.04	255.43±42.79*	4.53±4.82
50-59	eleven.89±1.61*	viii.23±one.53	20.94±vii.24*	5.98±1.75**	254.64±55.73*	iv.41±iii.xiv
60-69	11.76±1.77*	eight.xviii±1.63	20.73±6.fifty*	six.34±i.95***	247.15±45.44*	iii.74±0.73
70-79	11.47±1.56*	9.65±ten.68##	21.12±v.96*	five.fourscore±ane.92	259.85±31.21*	4.nineteen±0.64
80-89	10.94±2.41*	viii.08±2.02	17.83±seven.98	five.16±two.45	263.27±61.41*	four.13±0.93
xc-99	10.37±2.87***	seven.43±two.19	18.87±iv.76	5.l±1.51	266.37±38.xxx*	iv.67±0.87

Table 4 shows the characteristics of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the hearts of cadavers in unlike age groups. A pregnant difference was axiomatic in the values of the mitral and tricuspid valves betwixt grouping A (0–9 years old) and all other groups (P < 0.05). The same result was found for length, width, chordae tendineae, pupillary musculus, weight, and index of the Iranian hearts (P < 0.05).

Table four

Characteristics of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the heart of Iranian cadavers in different age groups

Age groups	Circumference of the tricuspid valve (cm)	Tricuspid anterior surface area (cm ii )	Tricuspid septal area (cm 2 )	Tricuspid posterior surface area (cm 2 )	Circumference of the mitral valve (cm)	Mitral anterior area (cm two )	Mitral posterior area (cm 2 )
<10	7.01±1.80	one.00±0.49	0.89±0.49	1.02±0.63	6.39±2.59	ane.78±1.26	0.80±0.48
10-xix	8.89±0.86*	1.34±0.42#	one.thirteen±0.33	1.69±0.xxx*	9.63±one.29*	3.49±0.80*	1.thirteen±0.41#
20-29	eight.91±0.75*	1.26±0.38	1.fourteen±0.32	1.78±0.thirty*	9.68±0.88*	3.53±0.44*	i.xiii±0.forty*
thirty-39	9.05±0.89*	1.30±0.39#	ane.sixteen±0.40#	i.81±0.28*	9.73±0.94*	3.53±0.threescore*	1.17±0.39*
40-49	eight.84±1.sixteen*	one.22±0.44	1.14±0.41***	1.76±0.40*	9.54±1.28*	3.42±0.65*	1.15±0.39*
50-59	eight.79±0.85*	1.25±0.41	1.fifteen±0.forty	1.68±0.31*	ix.68±1.27*	3.fifty±0.72*	one.14±0.xl**
60-69	ix.03±0.95*	ane.27±0.42	one.xv±0.32	one.82±0.thirty*	9.57±0.81*	3.50±0.43*	1.09±0.36***
seventy-79	8.94±0.88*	one.17±0.45	1.22±0.39#	i.79±0.29*	9.56±0.90*	three.47±0.55*	1.11±0.42***
80-89	nine.25±0.90*	one.50±0.31**	1.03±0.39	1.79±0.21*	ix.72±0.92*	three.56±0.49*	1.12±0.38
90-99	8.47±0.lx*	ane.13±0.34	ane.03±0.29	1.76±0.17*	9.73±0.53*	three.28±0.25*	1.41±0.34*

The posterior cusp of the mitral valve was significantly smaller than the anterior cusp of this valve. The septal cusp of the tricuspid was remarkably smaller than the anterior or posterior cusp of the tricuspid valve (Tables 4 and ​ 5). The circumference and surface area of the mitral valve were significantly higher in males than females (Table six). No pregnant differences were evident in other morphometric parameters of the heart betwixt females and males (P > 0.05). Table 7 shows a strong correlation between the anthropometric values of the cadavers and the morphometric data of the heart (P < 0.05).

Table 5

Mediolateral and anteroposterir diameters of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the middle of Iranian cadavers in different age groups

Age groups	Mediolateral bore of tricuspid valve (cm)	Anteroposterior diameter of tricuspid valve (cm)	Mediolateral diameter of Mitral valve (cm)	Anteroposterior diameter of Mitral valve (cm)
<10	1.58±0.xix	two.23±0.57	1.53±0.28	2.03±0.82
10-19	1.81±0.thirteen*	2.80±0.26*	ane.94±0.17*	3.07±0.41*
20-29	1.82±0.12*	2.84±0.24*	1.94±0.14*	iii.10±0.37*
xxx-39	one.84±0.14*	2.87±0.28*	1.95±0.xiv*	3.ten±0.29*
40-49	ane.81±0.15*	ii.81±0.37*	1.92±0.17*	three.04±0.forty*
50-59	1.eighty±0.13*	ii.80±0.26*	1.95±0.xvi*	iii.08±0.40*
60-69	1.83±0.fifteen*	2.87±0.30*	i.92±0.12*	three.05±0.26*
70-79	ane.82±0.14*	2.84±0.28*	1.89±0.xx*	3.04±0.28*
80-89	one.87±0.fourteen*	ii.94±0.28*	1.95±0.14*	3.13±0.29*
90-99	1.75±0.09	ii.70±0.19	ane.95±0.08*	3.x±0.17*

Tabular array 6

Length, width, chordae tendineae, weight, pupillary muscles, and index of the heart of Iranian cadavers of dissimilar genders

Morphometric characterizes	Gender		P value
	Female	Male person
Length (cm)	11.26±ii.35	11.44±two.eleven	0.52
Width (cm)	7.93±one.84	8.28±4.79	0.63
Chordae tendineae	19.23±vi.85	nineteen.45±vi.67	0.79
Weight (g)	242.74±73.02	248.96±59.52	0.12
Pupillary muscles	5.48±1.93	v.80±1.96	0.79
Index	5.77±vi.21	4.94±v.86	0.12
Circumference of the tricuspid valve (cm)	eight.72±ane.28	8.82±1.06	0.37
Tricuspid area (cm2)	4.06±0.84	four.12±0.67	0.22
Circumference of the mitral valve (cm)	9.xix±1.78	nine.49±ane.35	0.01
Mitral area (cmtwo)	4.36±1.09	four.54±0.85	0.02

Tabular array seven

Correlation (r) between morphological parameters of heart and demographic characteristics

Morphological parameters		Age	Tiptop	Body weight	BMI
Length (cm)	Pearson correlation	0.191	0.414	0.411	0.028
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P>0.05
Width (cm)	Pearson correlation	0.94	0.115	0.120	0.022
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.02	P=0.007	P=0.005	P>0.05
Corda tendinae Number of	Pearson correlation	0.136	0.177	0.181	0.061
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.001	P=0.000	P=0.000	P>0.05
Number of Pupillary muscles	Pearson correlation	0.081	0.166	0.149	0.033
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P>0.05	P=0.000	P=0.000	P>0.05
Weight (gram)	Pearson correlation	0.236	0.351	0.393	0.057
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P>0.05
Index	Pearson correlation	-0.284	-0.604	-0.662	-0.151
	Sig. (two-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000
Circumference of the tricuspid valve (cm)	Pearson correlation	0.219	0.355	0.370	0.094
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.02
Tricuspid surface area (cmtwo)	Pearson correlation	0.215	0.382	0.342	-0.453
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000
Circumference of the mitral valve (cm)	Pearson correlation	0.255	0.481	0.467	0.095
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.02
Mitral area (cm2)	Pearson correlation	0.256	0.472	0.463	-0.497
	Sig. (2-tailed)	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000	P=0.000

Discussion

Mean values of the heart'due south length, width, and thickness in Grayness's Beefcake were 12 cm, 8.five cm, and half-dozen cm, respectively.^sixteen Our findings are like to the textbook's data, equally the hateful length of a normal eye was eleven.41 cm and the hateful width of a normal eye measured 8.21 cm. In a study in Bangladesh, the mean length of hearts was x.v cm in males and ix.two cm in females, and the mean width was 8.51 cm in males and seven.67 cm in females.¹³ A positive relationship exists between demographic values and center dimensions, which is like to our findings.⁸

Based on the standard textbook of anatomy, the mean weight of the heart is 280-340 grand in men and 230-280 k in women.¹⁶ In the nowadays study, the mean weight of the heart was 242.74 g in females and 248.96 g in males. These differences might exist due to the geography or race of specimens studied.

The mean heart weight is higher in males than females in American and Caucasian population.^{ii,4,6,eight-10} Furthermore, and similar to our findings, heart weight significantly correlates with age, weight, and superlative.^2-4,8,nine In the Japanese population, heart weight increases with age up to 90 years of historic period and then decreases afterwards.⁷ In the Chinese population, eye weight is constant and may even increase with historic period.¹⁰

The mean heart weight in Thailand is reported to range between 291 and 302 g in men and 246 and 259 yard in women.^iii,12 In the Korean population, centre weight ranged between 305 and 345 k in males and 265 and 299 g in females.^4,9 A report was conducted on 109 Indian cadavers (86 males and 23 females) with a hateful age of fifteen-78 years for males and 1-55 years for females. Their results showed that center weight was 270.28 g in males and 204.35 g in females. Heart weight is directly related to body weight and decreases with increase in historic period.² In another study conducted using Bangladesh adults, heart weight was 247.92 thou in men and 164.29 g in women.^thirteen

The chordae tendineae ranges between 1 and ten in Brazil, 3 and 22 in Indian cadavers,²⁴ and iv and 35 in the present report.

It is too of import to be aware of anatomic variations of the papillary muscles for mitral valve replacement, papillotomy, and commissurotomy.¹⁸ The papillary muscles range betwixt 3 and 10 in the United states of america,²⁵ 0 and 10 in Asian populations,^15,17,18 and i and 10 in our samples. In India, the number of inductive and posterior papillary muscles in the left ventricle of 96 stock-still cadavers was between 2-10. The hateful length of the anterior papillary musculus was i.49, width 0.82 and thickness was 0.64 cm. The mean length of the posterior papillary muscle was 1.05, width 0.63 while thickness was 0.v cm.⁸ Variations in papillary muscles were evaluated in the right ventricles of 400 Turkish adult cadavers. The results showed that in cases with cardiac-related disease equally the cause of death, papillary muscles were low or nonexistent, while the papillary muscles in cadavers with non-cardiac cause of expiry was 100% of the cases or more than.²⁶

An understanding of the measurements of the homo valves may exist of do good for designing and manufacturing a support house.²¹ According to Gray's Anatomy, the average circumference of the mitral valve is ix cm in males and 7.two cm in females.^xvi

The mitral surface area ranges between 6.4 and 8.2 cm² in the Unites States based on a two-dimensional echocardiogram.²⁷ In Brazil, Andrade et al reported the annular circumference of mitral and tricuspid valves to be nine.3 cm based on MATLAB software, and the mean values of the mitral and tricuspid areas were 4.72 cm and vi.28 cm, respectively.²⁸

In an African study, the circumference of the mitral valve was ten.1 cm, the mean length of the gratuitous edge of the mitral valve was 9.1 cm, and the hateful lengths of the gratis edge of the anterior and posterior cusps were two.7 cm and 1.3 cm, respectively.²⁹

The annular circumference is 8.8 in Japanese,³⁰ while it ranges between seven and x cm in the Indian population.^{xiv,fifteen,28,31,32} The area of the anterior valve is 0.eight compared to ii of the posterior valve.^{xiv,15,28,31,32}

In Indian autopsies, measurement of the mitral valve showed that the area of the anterior leaflet was 1.6 cm larger than the posterior leaflet. In addition, the circumference of the mitral valve was viii.24 cm.¹⁵ Another study past Gupta and colleagues in India, showed that the boilerplate circumference of the mitral valve was 9.11 cm. The boilerplate length of the complimentary edge of the anterior leaflet was 5.6 cm while the posterior leaflet was 8.89 cm. The anterior and posterior leaflets were iii.32 cm² and four.14 cm² in area, respectively.¹⁴ Our finding showed the annular circumference of the mitral valve to exist 9.43 cm and the mitral area to be four.50 cm².

In the Western textbook (Gray'due south Anatomy, 39th edition), the mean value of the tricuspid circumference was noted to exist 10.viii cm in females and 11.4 cm in males.^xvi In an autopsy report by Kitzman et al in the United States, the annular circumference of valves was college in males than females.⁶ Similarly, in another autopsy study in China, the annular circumference of valves was institute to be higher in males than females.¹⁰ In a study in Poland, the annular circumference of the tricuspid valve was 112.97 mm in men and 112.17 mm in women.³³ In another cadaveric study including 100 formalin stock-still hearts aged 8 to 85 years, the tricuspid circumference ranged from 89.34 to 107.v mm in males and 85.95 to 104 mm in females.²³

In the present study, the annular circumferences of the tricuspid valve and the tricuspid surface area were 8.80 cm and 4.11 cm^two, respectively. In a Brazilian study on fetuses, the mean values of the mitral and tricuspid areas were 84.06 mm² and 84.49 mmⁱⁱ. ³⁴ Kishore and colleagues reported that the annular circumference of the tricuspid valve was 17.39 mm in fetuses less than 30 weeks old compared to 47.66 mm in fetuses older than 30 weeks.³⁵ In the present study, the annular circumference of the tricuspid valve and tricuspid area in fetuses was 58.44 mm and 21.39 mmⁱⁱ, respectively. This study is the first to investigate standard information of Iranian normal hearts. Having standard data on the middle is useful for surgeons as well as anthropologists. The findings of the present study can provide valuable data in the standardization of the anthropologic values of the heart in the Iranian population. Even so, multi-centre studies with a larger sample size are required to complete data nigh anatomical characteristics of normal hearts.

Limitations

Our limitation in this written report was that most of our sample was males, which may result in some sampling bias.

Ethical issues

This inquiry was approved by the Ethics Inquiry Committee of Mashhad Legal Medicine Organisation (ethical lawmaking: 93034). All experiments were performed in compliance with the laws for human trial.

Competing interests

None.

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by a research grant (number 93034) from Inquiry Council of Mashhad Legal Medicine Organization. The author would like to thank the Mashhad Legal Medicine Organisation for their help and financial support.

Notes

Please cite this commodity as: Mohammadi S, Hedjazi A, Sajjadian M, Ghoroubi N, Mohammadi G, Erfani S. Report of the normal heart size in Northwest part of Iranian population: A cadaveric written report. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2016;8(3):119-125. doi: x.15171/jcvtr.2016.25.

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Articles from Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Enquiry are provided here courtesy of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

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The Human Heart Is About The Size Of A ....?,

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5075360/

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